Electric starting and lighting system for motor-vehicles.



v A. E. DOMAN'.

ELECTRIC STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23. 1914.

1 347,649 I Patented Nov. 27, 1917.

the storage battery dynamo,

other hand when used as a generator,

mmn'ro nmzc'rmc CORPORATION, mew YORK.

omen STATES rA'rENT oFmoE.

ALBERT E. DOMAIN, OF ELBBIDGE, NEW YOBK. AS IGNOR,

OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK,

BY nasm: .assxemms, re a conrom'rlon or ELECTRIC STARTING ANDLIGHTING SYSTEM FOR MOTOR-VEHICLES.

Specification 01 Letters new.

Patented Nov. 2'7, 1917.

Application filed June 28, 1914. Serial No. 848,756.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT E. DOMAN, of Elbridge, in the-county of Onondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Starting and Li hting Systems for Motor-Vehicles, of whic the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to certain improvements in electric startingand lighting systems for motor. vehicles involving the use of a compound-wound dynamo or motor and a storage battery as the sources of energy for such systems. The objects'are as follows:

First. To simplify the structural elements and operation of systems of this character.

Second. To limit the maximum current output of the dynamo to a point suitable for actually employed with it.

Third. To cause the dynamo to begin to charge the battery at relatively low road speeds of the vehicle.

Fourth. To cause the dynamo to reach its maximum output under comparatively low road speedsand to reduce such output to any desired value under relatively high road speeds.

Other objects and uses relating to specific parts of the system will be brought out in the following description.

The drawing is a diagrammatic view of an electric starting and lighting system embodying the various features of my invention and involving the use of a compoundwound dynamo or motor -A--, which for brevity of description may be termed a a storage battery B, a regulator -R- and an electric switch -S, all 00-. operatively connected in a manner hereinafter described, the switch --S having members -mand -m--, shown by dotted lines as connecting the terminals of the wire -2- to .the adjacent terminals of the wires -3- and 7-, ctively.

The dynamo is rovided w1th the usual commutator -ar, rushes -b-- bshunt winding -c and series winding d to gether with suitable binding osts for the leads, the windings, c-- an i being connected in such manner that when operating as a motor their magnetic effects are in harmony to produce an intense magnetic field for the motor armature, while on the they and a series winding are in opposition to reduce the intensity of such field as will be apparent from the circuits shown.

This differential intensity of field is utilized to a certain extent for the regulation of the current output of the dynamo as follows: When the vehicle is driven at relatively high speed the tendency of the dynamo driven thereby is to develop a correspondingly increased amount of current which in turn has a weakening effect upon the magnetic field and produces a certain amount of inherent or automatic regulation of current output.

I have found, however, that this inherent regulation is not "suflicient for all requirements without detracting from the efiiclency of the a paratus and I ,have, therefore, provided a ditional regulating means whereby a suitable resistance may be introduced into the shunt field circuit when the current output of the dynamo reaches a certain desired maximum value, such resistance being so proportioned as to reduce the current output at higher speeds to any value desired to meet requirements;

In order to accomplish this result, the regulator R is provided with a magnet frame -e, a core -f., an armature -g-.-

-h having one end connected by a wire 1- to the positive pole of the battery B'- and its other end connected by a wire -2 to the switch S- which, when closed, by a movable member m, is connected by a wire -3- to the series winding of the dynamo A- and thence y return wires -5 and -6.- to the negative pole of said battery.

The armature g is normally connected in the shunt circuit of the dynamo through the medium of contact points iand wires -7- and -8 -leading respectively from separate. binding posts -7'-. and -8- on the frame -'-e to the switch'S- and shunt winding -c so that the shunt circuit of the dynamo leads from the positive pole of the battery B to the wire 1, regulator winding h, wire 2- to the switch member m'-, of the switch S, thence to the wire -7--, post --7'--, contacts -iand armature -g to the shunt coil -c and return by wires --5- and- -6- to the negative pole of said battery.

hes switch members and magnetic maybe opened andicloped independentlyof each other, but are preferably closed when the dynamo is operated either as a generator or motor and are both opened when said dynamo or motor is'at rest to enable the lighting circuit to be supplied with current connection between the battery and series winding of the armature of the dynamo and.

vice versa, while the function of the switch member +m is to open and close the electrical connection between the armature or battery circuit and shunt circuit of the dynamo. r

A resistance coil j surrounds the magnet core fand its series winding 72, and is also connected in the'shunt circuit in parallel with the armature -g by having one end connected to the binding post -7 and itsother end'connected to the frame e--,' the number of turns and the resistance being so proportioned as to produce the desired ma etic effect in the core +f and to reduce t e current output of the dynamo to the desired point.

working circuit as for example a lighting circuit L- is connected in both the battery and dynamo circuits and for convenience of illustration and simplicity of construction one side is connected to. the

. circuit from either source of energy.

It is now clear that when the battery circuit is closed through the dynamo to operate the'same as a motor in starting an enno, a very heavy current will be drawn rom the battery through the regulator coil -h thereby attracting the armature -g and separating the contacts which will cutout the armature from the shunt circuit but will still leave the shunt circuit closed through the resistance coil 'i.

This separation of the contacts tand diversion of the battery current through the resistance coil will of course have the effect of weakening the magnetic field and consequent speeding up of the motor which is one of thedesired objects in that it provides a higher crankin speed in starting the engine.

As soon as t e engine begins to run under its own power, the motor becomes a dynamo or current generator while the battery current will gradually fall to zero and then build up as the direction of current is reversed.

During this transition of the current through the zero period, the magnetic attraction on the armature -g"- will, of course, be suficiently reduced to allow said armature to be retracted by a spring --kfor restoring the contacts -23 to their normal position, thereby restoring the shunt field to its full strength in which condition it will remain until the charging current flowing into the battery is increased to a certain degree of say 10 amperes atwhich time any further increase of current will again cause a separation of the contacts and consequent weakening of the shunt field with the resultant reduction of current from the. dynamo as previously described.

The reduction of current flowing through the coil -itwould at once cause the release of the armature gand "closing of the contact -i except for the fact that the resistance coil -j has -sufiicient ampere turns when energized to approximately offset the reduction in ampere turns in the coil h-, due to the reduced current generated, the main object in placing the coil j around the core f being to prevent the attracted when the current generated falls below a certain de es.

Thev tension of t e spring --k may also be so adjusted by means of a screw k' that the maximum current generated shall not exceed a predetermined degree.

The lighting circuit is connected in the manner described so that current from the dynamo thereto shall not pass through the regulating coil h when the switch member m is closed whereby the dynamo may carry the workin circuit and any current in such circuit wi 1 not have a tendency to reduce the output of the dynamo. In other words, the regulator is not influenced by any current used in the working circuit unless the speed of the dynamo is too low to provide the full amount of current used.

The several circuits may be defined as follows:

Starting circuit, (switch members "m,- and m both c1osed.)-From the positive pole of the battery -B-, wire 1, series winding h of the regulator, wire 2', closed switch-member ?7?r'-', wire -3-, series winding d of the motor, A armature -w* and wires 4, -5- and 6 to the negative pole of the battery.

Charging circuit, (switch members m,-

and m both closed.).From armature -d to series winding d-, wire 3-, closed sw1tch member -771r, wire -2, se-

l -1, winding B, returning by wires --6--,'

rice winding -h of the regulator, wire.

- ing d, wire -3, switch member -m-,

series windin described, the combination lighting circuit -L--, negative binding post of the battery, and return through wires -6-, --5 and -4-- to the armature -al, or in case the speed of the dynamo is too low to provide the full amount of current used, the circuit may be as follows :-from batte -B+- wire -1, coilz -h-,.wire;-2-, ighting circuit -L- to the negative post on the battery. What I claim is: v

1. In an electrical acter described, the combination of a compound dynamo, a storage battery and electrical connections between the dynamo and battery for operating the dynamo as a motor and for charging the battery by the dynamo current, the series winding and shunt winding of the dynamo being1 connected to the r respective circuits so t at the1r magnetic efiect will be in harmony when the dynamo is operated as a motor and in opposition when the dynamo is generating current, said connectlons including therein an automatic current regulator comprising an electro-magnet having a primary coil in the battery. andarmature circuits in series with the of the dynamo, and a resistance coil in s unt with the battery circuit and armature circuit and in series with the shunt winding of the dynamo, both of the regulator coils being arranged to act in harmony as to their magnetic efiect, and a shortcircuiting switch connected in parallel with the resistance coil .to the shunt field circuit of the dynamo and operable by the electromagnet to.cut in the resistance coil when the current in said magnet approximates a certain value.

2. In an electrical system of the character of a compound dynamo,a storage battery and electrical connections between the dynamo and battery for operating the-dynamo as a mdtor and 'for charging the battery by the dynamo current, the series winding of the dynamobeing connected to their respective circuits so t at their magnetic efiect will be in harmony when the dynamo is operated as a motor and in opposition when the dynamo is nerating current, said connections including therein an automatic curand shunt winding windin of the magnetic eflect,

system of the charrent regulator comprising an electro-magnet having a primary coil in the battery and armature circuits in series with the series dynamo, and a resistance-in shunt ith the battery circuit and armature circuit andin series with the shunt winding .of the dynamo, both of the regulator coils being arranged to act in harmony as to their and a short-circuiting switch connected in parallel with the resistance coil to the shunt field circuit of the dynamo and operable by the electro-magnet to cut in the resistance coil when the current in said magnet approximates acertain value, the regulator C0115 being so related as to their lengths and number of turns as to cause the release of switch and consequent cutting out of the resistance coil from the shunt field circuit of the dynamo when the charging current is below a certain value.

3. In an electrical system of the character described, the combination of a compound dynamo, a storage battery and electrical connections between the dynamo and battery for operating the dynamo as a motor and for charging the battery by the dynamo current, the series winding and shunt winding of the dynamo bein connected to their re-- spective circuits so t at their magnetic efiect will be in harmony when the dynamo is operated as .a motor and in opposition when the dynamo is generating current, said connections including therein an automatic current regulator comprising an electro-magnet having a primary coil 1n the battery and armature circuits in series with the series winding of the dynamo, and a resistance in shunt with the battery circuit and armature circuit and in'series with the shunt winding of the dynamo, both of the regulator coils being arranged to act in harmony as to their magnetic effect, and a short-circuiting switch connected in parallel with the resistance .coil to the shunt field circuit of the dynamo and operable by the electro-magnet to cut in the resistance coil when the current in said magnet approximates a certain value, and an external working circuit connected. to the battery circuit to receive current from the battery or from the. dynamo.

4. The combination of a com ound ,dynamo and storage battery electrically connected thereto in such manner that the batthe short-circuiting mony as to their magnetic efiect, and a short-circuiting device for the resistance oil operated by the magnetic efiect of the current in both coiis'to cut in the resistance in the shunt circuit of the dynamo when the current in the primary coil approximatesa predetermined value 5. The combination of a compound dynamo and storage battery electrlcally con-' nected thereto in-such manner that the battery, current may operate the dynamo as a with the shunt winding of, the dynamo, said coils constituting a part of an electro-magnet mary coil approximates a nee-aces and wound to act in harmony as to their magnetic efiect, and ashort-circuiting device for the resistance coii operated by the magnetic efi'ect o the current in both coils,

to cut in the resistance in the shunt circuit of the dynamo when the current in the pripredetermined value, said resistance cpil havlng a sufiicient number of ampere turns when energized to approximately offset the reduction in the number of ampere turns in the primary coil by the cutting in of the resistance coil and thereby preventing undue vibration of the short-circuiting device.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 20th da of June 1914.

- AL ERT E. :boMAN. Witnesses:

M. H. GRACE, E. R. LA (Janna. 

